The literal king of flours, King Arthur Baking Company, suggests to substitute whole wheat for white flour by volume, not by weight. Whole wheat flour is really the "OG" of baking, if only because ...

The whole wheat flour market is anticipated to secure a significant position globally, with a promising CAGR of 6.7% ...

First, toss that funky flour ... whole grain flours, such as whole wheat, pumpernickel, and buckwheat, should be discarded if they are past their best-by date, according to King Arthur.